{"product_id":"the-arkansas-race-riot-1920-by-ida-b-wells-barnett","title":"The Arkansas Race Riot (1920) by Ida B. Wells-Barnett","description":"\u003cb data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Elaine, Arkansas became the scene of one of the most violent racial conflicts the country had ever to that time experienced.\" -Readings in Arkansas Politics and Government (2009)\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"The Arkansas Race Riot amplified...the cowardly penchant of white mobs for singling out the weakest individuals.\" -Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform (2003)\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Arkansas authorities convicted 12 black farmers...to death...at this point Ida stepped in.\" -Ida B. Wells: A Woman of Courage (2010)\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"A massive race riot...near the town of Elaine...between 200 and 250 blacks and at least 4 whites had been killed...67 blacks were sent to prison.\" -Habeas Corpus: Rethinking the Great Writ of Liberty (2002)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Elaine, Arkansas race riot occurred on September 30–October 1, 1919, at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas. Although official records of the time state that eleven black men and five white men were killed, estimates of black people killed ranged into the hundreds.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe white mobs were aided by federal troops (requested by Arkansas governor Charles Brough) and vigilante militias like the Ku Klux Klan. According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas, \"the Elaine Massacre was by far the deadliest racial confrontation in Arkansas history and possibly the bloodiest racial conflict in the history of the United States\".\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn 1920, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, investigative journalist and an early leader in the civil rights leader, published an account of the riot and the legal aftermath in a book titled \" The Arkansas Race Riot.\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn describing press accounts of the cause of the riot, Wells-Barnett writes:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"Columns were printed telling of an organization among Negro farmers in this little burg who were banded together or the purpose of killing all the white people, the organization being known as the Farmers' Household Union. As a result of these charges over one hundred Negro farmers and laborers, men and women, were arrested and jailed in Helena, Ark., the county seat of Phillips County. One month later they were indicted and tried for murder in the first degree and the jury found them guilty after six minutes of deliberation. Twelve were sentenced to die in the electric chair.\"\u003c\/span\u003e","brand":"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3lcq9d0","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36537984057503,"sku":"","price":13.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1914\/7141\/products\/51cLRfBcWQL.jpg?v=1602020056","url":"https:\/\/annointedhands.shop\/products\/the-arkansas-race-riot-1920-by-ida-b-wells-barnett","provider":"ANNOINTEDHANDS ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}